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The venom is hemotoxic, destroying tissue, causing necrosis and coagulopathy (disrupted blood clotting). [41] In the U.S., the tiger rattlesnake ( C. tigris) and some varieties of the Mojave rattlesnake ( C. scutulatus) also have a presynaptic neurotoxic venom component known as Mojave type A toxin, which can cause severe paralysis. [41] [42] [43] However, most North American rattlesnakes are not neurotoxic. [44] Although it has a comparatively low venom yield, [45] the venom toxicity of C. tigris is considered to be among the highest of all rattlesnake venoms, and among the highest of all snakes in the Western Hemisphere based on LD 50 studies conducted on laboratory mice. C. scutulatus is also widely regarded as producing one of the most toxic snake venoms in the Americas, based on LD 50 studies in laboratory mice. [46]

Flaubert, Laurence M. (1997). Rattlesnakes: Their Habits, Life Histories, and Influence on Mankind. Vol.1. University of California Press. pp.384–389. ISBN 978-0520210561.a b Newman, Eric A.; Hartline, Peter H. (March 1982). "The Infrared "Vision" of Snakes". Scientific American. 246 (3): 116–127. Bibcode: 1982SciAm.246c.116N. doi: 10.1038/scientificamerican0382-116. Meier, Jürg; White, Julian, eds. (1995). Handbook of clinical toxicology of animal venoms and poisons, Volume 236. CRC Press. p.639. ISBN 978-0-8493-4489-3. Campbell, Angela L.; Naik, Rajesh R.; Sowards, Laura; Stone, Morley O. (2002). "Biological Infrared Imaging and Sensing". Micron. 33 (2): 211–225. doi: 10.1016/S0968-4328(01)00010-5. PMID 11567889. a b Rao, Wei-qiao; Kalogeropoulos, Konstantinos; Allentoft, Morten E; Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; Zhao, Wei-ning; Workman, Christopher T; Knudsen, Cecilie; Jiménez-Mena, Belén; Seneci, Lorenzo; Mousavi-Derazmahalleh, Mahsa; Jenkins, Timothy P; Rivera-de-Torre, Esperanza; Liu, Si-qi; Laustsen, Andreas H (2022). "The rise of genomics in snake venom research: recent advances and future perspectives". GigaScience. 11. doi: 10.1093/gigascience/giac024. ISSN 2047-217X. PMC 8975721. PMID 35365832.

The King cobra ( Ophiophagus hannah) is the longest venomous snake in the world, and it can inject very high volumes of venom in a single bite. The venom LD 50 is 1.80mg/kg SC according to Broad et al. (1979). [72] The mean value of subcutaneous LD 50 of five wild-caught king cobras in Southeast Asia was determined as 1.93mg/kg. [73] Between 350 and 500mg (dry weight) of venom can be injected at once (Minton, 1974). In another study by (Broad et al., 1979), the average venom quantity was 421mg (dry weight of milked venom). [72] The maximum venom yield is approximately 1000mg (dry weight).Laxme, R.R. Senji, et al. " Biogeographic Venom Variation in Russell's Viper ( Daboia russelii) and the Preclinical Inefficacy of Antivenom Therapy in Snakebite Hotspots." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol. 15, no. 3, 2021, pp. e0009247., doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009247 Like all pit vipers, rattlesnakes have two organs that can sense radiation; their eyes and a set of heat-sensing "pits" on their faces that enable them to locate prey and move towards it, based on the prey's thermal radiation signature. These pits have a relatively short effective range of about 1ft, but give the rattlesnake a distinct advantage in hunting for warm-blooded creatures at night. [26] [27] Heat-sensing pits located in blue circle on a rattlesnake specimen: Location of the pit is the same in all Viperidae. 1. Trigeminal nerve extending into the heat-sensing pit 2. Trigeminal nerve originating in the brain 3. Heat-sensing pit Heat-sensing pits [ edit ]

Place, Arron J.; Abramson, Charles I. (2004). "A Quantitative Analysis of the Ancestral Area of Rattlesnakes". Journal of Herpetology. 38 (1): 151–156. doi: 10.1670/103-03N. S2CID 86252575.

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a b Gupta, Ramesh Chandra, ed. (2007). Veterinary toxicology: basic and clinical principles. Academic Press. pp.800–801. ISBN 978-0-12-370467-2. The venom is possibly the most toxic of any Bungarus (krait) species and possibly the most toxic of any snake species in Asia, with LD 50 values of 0.09mg/kg [62]–0.108mg/kg SC, [34] [78] 0.113mg/kg IV and 0.08mg/kg IP on mice. [78] Based on several LD 50 studies, the many-banded krait is among the most venomous land snakes in the world. The Taiwan National Poison Control Center reports that the chief cause of deaths from snakebites during the decade (2002–2012) was respiratory failure, 80% of which was caused by bites from the many-banded krait. [79] Malayan krait [ edit ] Malayan krait ( Bungarus candidus) There isn’t much control of the landing destination once the snake is up in the air. This is why they take a bit to prepare for the leap for controlling their destination. Furman, Jon (2007). Timber rattlesnakes in Vermont and New York: biology, history, and the fate of an endangered species. UPNE. ISBN 978-1-58465-656-2. Rattlesnakes are born with fully functioning fangs and venom, and are capable of killing prey at birth. [23] [39] Adult rattlesnakes shed their fangs every 6–10 weeks. At least three pairs of replacement fangs lie behind the functional pair. [40] Venom [ edit ]